Sensory

• Offer noise-reducing headphones or a quiet space before things escalate, not after.
• Keep one or two known calming sensory tools (a fidget, weighted item, or chewable) within reach.

Breathing

• Model slow breathing yourself rather than instructing; kids often co-regulate off a calm adult.
• Try a simple counted breath (in for 4, out for 6) once the child can take any direction at all.

Movement

• Heavy work (pushing, carrying, squeezing) can help discharge overwhelm before or after a meltdown.
• If safe, give space to move rather than requiring stillness; pacing is common and usually not defiance.

Verbal

• Use short, simple, low-volume phrases: "You are safe. I am here." Avoid long explanations mid-meltdown.
• Reduce questions and demands during the meltdown itself; save problem-solving for after, when calm.

Environmental

• Lower lights, sound, and crowding where possible; overwhelm is often sensory, not behavioral.
• Give advance notice before transitions when you can; unexpected change is a common trigger.